步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)多(duo)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)。我(wo)們(men)在(zai)球(qiu)軸(zhou)承(cheng)內(nei)圈(quan)溝(gou)磨(mo)床(chuang)做(zuo)過(guo)分(fen)析(xi)研(yan)究(jiu)
，先(xian)後(hou)試(shi)過(guo)國(guo)內(nei)幾(ji)個(ge)品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)機(ji)
，發(fa)現(xian)兩(liang)個(ge)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)步(bu)現(xian)象(xiang)很(hen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。不(bu)同(tong)步(bu)誤(wu)差(cha)測(ce)試(shi)從(cong)PLC、位控模塊、步進電機驅動器和步進電機開始。

　　滾珠絲杠導程4mm
，諧波減速器減速比為1:80，步矩角為0.9°。

　　步進電機的重複定位誤差已經超過機床精度檢驗標準的3倍。按照脈衝當量為0.125μm計算，工作台累計重複定位誤差在20次已經達到0.003。表1的數據說明不僅僅是步進電機的誤差
，機械係統的誤差更加明顯。

　　我們分析了這台機床的進給機構和補償機構，發現機械問題也比較嚴重。第一


，滾珠絲杠公稱直徑偏小(Φ20)，精度等級3級偏低，而且手感爬行現象較為嚴重；第二，進給快跳油缸和滾珠絲杠設計過定位

，裝配位置偏差無法消除；第三
，諧波減速器和滾珠絲杠隻有螺釘鎖緊沒有鍵連接或銷鏈接；第四

，沒有采用滾珠絲杠軸承等等。

　　接著我們又分析了該機床的電氣係統，發現變頻器、變壓器和步進電機控製器擺放偏近
，從PLC輸出的數據線電纜沒有屏蔽
，配盤的強電和弱電電纜混裝等等問題。這些問題都是影響步進電機係統不穩定的因素。，脈衝當量為0.125μm。

　　youyumuqianwoguobujindianjixitongdekangganraonenglijiaocha，zhexiedianqishejibujudebuhelizhijiehuichanshengouranxingjingeixitonghebuchangxitongwucha

，jiashangjixiexitongdexitongxingwucha，jichuangjiuhuichuyubuwendingdegongzuozhuangtai。

　　bingbushishuo，zhiyaobajichuangdeyeyajingeibuchangxitonggaichengbujindianjijingeibuchangxitong
，jichuangdezhenggezonghexingnengjiuyidinghuixianzhutigao。bujindianjitidaileyuanlaidefuzadeyeyajingeibuchangxitong，jiangyuanlaiyeyabodonghejixielingjianjiagongchuandongliandewuchaxiaochule，bingqiebujindianjikeyibajingeiguochengfenchengjigejieduan，meigejieduankeyixuanyongbutongdemaichongpinlvkongzhijingeisudu，keyiyongmaichongshulaikongzhijichuanggongzuotaijingjingei
，zhedequebiyuanlaiyeyaxitongdezhouchengmochuangjinbuleyidabu。danshi
，suizhierlaidejiushijichuangqitaxiangguanbufenyeyaogenzhegengxinsheji，caihuimanzujichuangdemoxuejiagongjishuyaoqiu。wulunshijixiejiegoudeshejihaishidianqixitongdeshejidoubuyinggaihushibujindianjixitongkangganraonenglibijiaoruodetexing。jiaruwomenyishangzhuxiangwentidejiejuefanganmeiyoutuoshanjiejue
，jiarujichuangdezhengtilingbujiantebieshiguanjianlingbujianhaishiyuanlaijixieyeyaxitongjichuangdebiaozhun，caiyongbujindianjixitongkongzhidezhouchengmochuangjiubuhuicongbenzhishangdededaogaijin。

　　當dang然ran
，最zui徹che底di的de辦ban法fa就jiu是shi采cai用yong國guo際ji上shang最zui先xian進jin的de伺si服fu電dian機ji控kong製zhi係xi統tong。采cai用yong伺si服fu電dian機ji控kong製zhi係xi統tong的de軸zhou承cheng磨mo床chuang，將jiang快kuai跳tiao油you缸gang和he諧xie波bo減jian速su器qi去qu掉diao，采cai用yong滾gun珠zhu絲si杠gang和he伺si服fu電dian機ji直zhi聯lian結jie構gou

，使shi得de機ji械xie係xi統tong誤wu差cha最zui校xiao雖sui然ran我wo國guo的de采cai用yong伺si服fu電dian機ji控kong製zhi係xi統tong的de軸zhou承cheng磨mo床chuang多duo數shu還hai是shi脈mai衝chong控kong製zhi，但dan是shi伺si服fu電dian機ji的de綜zong合he驅qu動dong能neng力li，抗kang幹gan擾rao能neng力li和he重zhong複fu定ding位wei精jing度du，比bi之zhi步bu進jin電dian機ji軸zhou承cheng磨mo床chuang又you前qian進jin了le一yi大da步bu。由you於yu步bu進jin電dian機ji係xi統tong的de特te性xing和he諸zhu多duoBUG，tazhishijixieyeyakongzhijinbudaosifuxitongkongzhizhongjiandeyigeguoduchanpin，guowaixianzaijihuhenshaokandaocaiyongbujindianjixitongkongzhidejingmimochuangle
，woguoshizaishukongjichuangshangyingyongbujindianjixitongshijianzuichangdeguojia。suizhewoguozhouchengxingyejigaisududejiakuai，suizheyuelaiyueduodejiagonggaopinzhizhouchengqiyedefazhan

，bujindianjikongzhidezhouchengmochuangzuizhonghuibeisifudianjiqudaide。