將jiang熱re泵beng技ji術shu與yu太tai陽yang能neng結jie合he供gong應ying生sheng活huo熱re水shui
，國guo內nei外wai進jin行xing了le許xu多duo這zhe方fang麵mian的de研yan究jiu
，主zhu要yao有you兩liang種zhong方fang式shi

，一yi種zhong是shi直zhi接jie以yi空kong氣qi源yuan熱re泵beng作zuo為wei太tai陽yang能neng係xi統tong的de輔fu助zhu加jia熱re設she備bei，另ling一yi種zhong是shi利li用yong太tai陽yang能neng熱re水shui為wei低di溫wen熱re源yuan或huo將jiang太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi作zuo為wei熱re泵beng的de蒸發器的de太tai陽yang能neng熱re泵beng係xi統tong。前qian者zhe以yi太tai陽yang能neng直zhi接jie加jia熱re為wei主zhu以yi空kong氣qi源yuan熱re泵beng為wei輔fu
，解jie決jue太tai陽yang能neng供gong熱re的de連lian續xu性xing問wen題ti，但dan仍reng舊jiu無wu法fa擺bai脫tuo環huan境jing溫wen度du對dui熱re泵beng製zhi熱re性xing能neng的de影ying響xiang
；houzhewanquanyitaiyangnengzuoweirebengreyuan，dadatigaoletaiyangnengdeliyongxiaolv
，dantaiyangnengziyuanbuzushirengxuyaozengjiaqitafuzhureyuan
，bingqierebenggongrenenglishoutaiyangnengjireliangdexianzhi，guimoyibanbijiaoxiao。

    zaidaxingdetaiyangnengzhongyangreshuixitongzhong
，kongqiyuanrebengwuyishiyizhongbijiaolixiangdefuzhujiareshebei
，weilegaishankongqiyuanrebengzaidiwenhuanjingxiazhireyunxingdexingneng，kuodatadeshiyongquyu，jieheguoneiwaitaiyangnengrebengyanjiuzhongdexianjinjingyan
，womenyanzhileyizhongshiheyudiwenhuanjingzhonggongzuodetaiyangneng―熱re泵beng中zhong央yang熱re水shui係xi統tong。該gai係xi統tong采cai用yong一yi種zhong新xin型xing的de采cai用yong低di溫wen太tai陽yang能neng輔fu助zhu的de空kong氣qi源yuan熱re泵beng機ji組zu和he太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re係xi統tong結jie合he，太tai陽yang能neng和he熱re泵beng互hu為wei輔fu助zhu熱re源yuan，最zui大da限xian度du的de利li用yong太tai陽yang能neng，解jie決jue陰yin雨yu天tian氣qi及ji冬dong季ji環huan境jing溫wen度du較jiao低di太tai陽yang能neng資zi源yuan不bu足zu時shi熱re水shui供gong應ying保bao證zheng率lv，做zuo到dao全quan年nian、全天候供應熱水。

    1、太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統組成

    太陽能―rebengzhongyangreshuixitongdezhuyaozuchengbufenweitaiyangnengjireqihetaiyangnengfuzhujiarekongqiyuanrebengjizu，qitafuzhushebeiyuchangguidezhongyangreshuixitongxiangtong，baokuotaiyangnengxunhuanbeng、熱水加熱環泵

、換熱器、熱水箱及控製器等。

    為使空氣源熱泵在低溫環境中高效、穩定、可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)，國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)眾(zhong)多(duo)科(ke)研(yan)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)研(yan)發(fa)和(he)改(gai)進(jin)
，歸(gui)納(na)起(qi)來(lai)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)三(san)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)。一(yi)是(shi)依(yi)靠(kao)外(wai)界(jie)輔(fu)助(zhu)熱(re)源(yuan)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)熱(re)泵(beng)低(di)溫(wen)製(zhi)熱(re)性(xing)能(neng)，比(bi)如(ru)通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)加(jia)熱(re)提(ti)高(gao)熱(re)泵(beng)製(zhi)熱(re)出(chu)水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)、采用燃燒器輔助加熱室外換熱器

、在壓縮機周圍敷設相變蓄熱材料以增加低溫條件下製熱運行出力等等
；二是通過改善製冷劑循環係統來提高熱泵的低溫製熱性能，比如采用雙級壓縮的空氣源熱泵，設中間補氣回路的空氣源熱泵等；sanshicaiyongbianpinxitong

，diwengongkuangxiarangyasuojigaosugongzuozengjiagongzhixunhuanliang
，tongshixiangyasuojigongzuoqiangpenyeyifangzhiqiguore
，congershirebengjizunenggouzhengchangyunxing。

    太陽能輔助加熱空氣源熱泵機組是基於上述第一種方式而產生的，如圖2suoshi。zaijizudezhengfaqishangzengjialeyifuzhuhuanreqi。rebengzaidiwenhuanjingxiazhireyunxingshi，gaoyuhuanjingwendudetaiyangnengreshuiliujinggaifuzhuhuanreqi，yujiangjinruzhengfaqideshiwaikongqijinxingreliangjiaohuantigaoqiwendu，congershizhilengjizaixiangduijiaogaodehuanjinglizhengfaxire
，tigaolezhengfawendu，gaishanleyasuojidegongzuozhuangkuang。

    2、太陽能輔助加熱空氣源熱泵機組示意圖

    與普通的空氣源熱泵相比較，太陽能輔助加熱空氣源熱泵機組在低溫工況下運行具有如下幾個明顯的特點：

    （1）COP顯著提高

    zaitongyangdehuanjingwenduxia，taiyangnengfuzhujiareshizhilengjixitongdezhengfawendudeyitigao，jizudezhirexingnengxishujiaoputongkongqiyuanrebengjizuyoulemingxiandetigao，rebengzhirexingnengxishusuizhengfawendubianhuaqingkuangrutu2所示。

    （2）防止蒸發器結霜，減少除霜時間

    youyufuzhureyuandejiarezuoyong，tigaolejinruzhengfaqidekongqiwendu
，shiqijieshuangdekenengxingjiangdi
，zheyangjiukeyifangzhizhengfaqibiaomianjieshuang，shiqibaochijiaogaodehuanrexiaolv
，tongshi，jizudehuashuangcishuheshijianyedadajianshao，keyijieshengdaliangdedianneng，bingbaozhengrebengjizulianxubujianduandeyunxing。

    （3）改善空調壓縮機工作環境，延長機組使用壽命

    在zai環huan境jing溫wen度du較jiao低di時shi，空kong調tiao壓ya縮suo機ji的de壓ya縮suo比bi急ji劇ju升sheng高gao，壓ya縮suo機ji的de排pai氣qi溫wen度du常chang常chang會hui超chao過guo壓ya縮suo機ji允yun許xu的de工gong作zuo範fan圍wei，從cong而er導dao致zhi壓ya縮suo機ji頻pin繁fan的de啟qi停ting，無wu法fa正zheng常chang工gong作zuo，長chang此ci以yi往wang，將jiang會hui損sun傷shang壓ya縮suo機ji的de整zheng體ti性xing能neng，減jian少shao空kong調tiao設she備bei的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming。通tong過guo太tai陽yang能neng作zuo為wei輔fu助zhu熱re源yuan提ti高gao係xi統tong蒸zheng發fa溫wen度du，間jian接jie的de改gai善shan了le壓ya縮suo機ji的de工gong作zuo環huan境jing，不bu但dan解jie決jue了le壓ya縮suo機ji在zai外wai界jie低di溫wen環huan境jing下xia不bu能neng正zheng常chang工gong作zuo的de問wen題ti，並bing且qie可ke以yi使shi整zheng個ge熱re泵beng機ji組zu的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming有you效xiao延yan長chang。

    輔fu助zhu換huan熱re器qi位wei於yu熱re泵beng蒸zheng發fa器qi的de外wai側ce，作zuo為wei熱re泵beng機ji組zu的de一yi個ge部bu件jian與yu熱re泵beng機ji組zu同tong步bu設she計ji生sheng產chan，采cai用yong和he蒸zheng發fa器qi同tong樣yang外wai型xing尺chi寸cun和he材cai質zhi的de翅chi片pian管guan換huan熱re器qi。輔fu助zhu換huan熱re器qi的de換huan熱re麵mian積ji、空氣通過溫升及其與熱泵蒸發器的間距應根據太陽能集熱器可以提供的輔助熱量
、太陽能水溫、環境溫度及熱泵機組蒸發溫度、排風量等參數進行設計計算。

    目前在太陽能熱水工程中通常采用的太陽能集熱器主要有平板型太陽能集熱器、全玻璃真空管集熱器
、U型管式真空管集熱器、熱管式真空管集熱器和直流式真空管集熱器五種[8]。duiyuquannianshiyongdebijiaodaxingdetaiyangnengzhongyangreshuixitong
，yaoqiutaiyangnengjireqiyingjuyouyidingdechengyanengli
，bijiaogaojirexiaolv
，bijiaoxiaodeguandaozuli，kangdongnengliqiang

，yiyuweihu。zaizhejizhongtaiyangnengjireqizhong，quanbolizhenkongguanjireqisuiranrejirexiaolvgao
，shichangzhanyoulvda，danyinqibunengchengyayunxing，rongyidonglie，bushiyiyongzaidamianjidetaiyangnengreshuixitongzhong
，juedabufendoubeiyongzuojiayong太陽能熱水器的集熱部件。其它四種均為金屬吸熱體的太陽能集熱器
，可以承壓運行，適用於在大型的太陽能熱水工程中應用。

    平ping板ban集ji熱re器qi是shi應ying用yong比bi較jiao早zao的de一yi種zhong太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re裝zhuang置zhi，一yi直zhi以yi來lai也ye是shi世shi界jie太tai陽yang能neng市shi場chang的de主zhu導dao產chan品pin，廣guang泛fan應ying用yong於yu各ge種zhong低di溫wen熱re水shui加jia熱re領ling域yu，但dan隨sui著zhe真zhen空kong管guan太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi的de出chu現xian，受shou其qi自zi身shen結jie構gou的de局ju限xian，在zai集ji熱re效xiao率lv上shang已yi不bu具ju備bei優you勢shi，因yin防fang凍dong問wen題ti以yi及ji集ji熱re性xing能neng受shou季ji節jie和he環huan境jing影ying響xiang較jiao大da，目mu前qian主zhu要yao在zai南nan方fang冬dong季ji氣qi溫wen較jiao高gao的de地di區qu應ying用yong，在zai北bei方fang寒han冷leng地di區qu冬dong季ji運yun行xing效xiao果guo欠qian佳jia，不bu推tui薦jian在zai大da型xing熱re水shui工gong程cheng中zhong應ying用yong。

    U型管式真空管集熱器
、reguanshizhenkongguanjireqihezhiliushizhenkongguanjireqishizaiquanbolizhenkongguanjireqijichushangfazhanqilaichanpin，sanzhedegongtongtediandoujuyoubijiaogaodejirexiaolv，yijinshuzuoweixireti
，keyichengyayunxing，dancongjirexiaolv、防漏、防垢

、耐久性、安全性、可靠性、安裝維護難度等方麵進行綜合評價，熱管式真空管集熱器是最適宜在中央熱水供應係統中采用的太陽能集熱器類型，U型管式真空管集熱器和直流式真空管集熱器次之。熱管式真空管集熱器利用熱管傳熱，幹性連接，管內不走水
，具有熱容小
、傳熱快、耐冰凍、耐熱衝擊、承壓強
、保溫好、無滲漏、易維護等優點
，U型管式真空管集熱器和直流式集熱器利用真空管內同心套管直接對工質加熱，除了具有運行溫度高、承cheng壓ya能neng力li強qiang和he耐nai熱re衝chong擊ji性xing能neng好hao等deng特te點dian外wai，其qi集ji熱re效xiao率lv高gao於yu其qi它ta形xing式shi的de集ji熱re器qi
，並bing且qie可ke以yi水shui平ping安an裝zhuang，簡jian化hua安an裝zhuang支zhi架jia，減jian少shao安an裝zhuang場chang地di麵mian積ji
，避bi免mian集ji熱re器qi影ying響xiang建jian築zhu外wai觀guan，在zai太tai陽yang能neng和he建jian築zhu結jie合he方fang麵mian具ju有you較jiao強qiang的de適shi應ying性xing
，但dan其qi安an裝zhuang程cheng序xu比bi熱re管guan式shi真zhen空kong管guan集ji熱re器qi複fu雜za

，接jie口kou較jiao多duo，運yun行xing中zhong有you漏lou水shui隱yin患huan，係xi統tong維wei護hu成cheng本ben相xiang對dui較jiao高gao。

    taiyangnengyutaiyangnengfuzhujiarekongqiyuanrebengjiehezuoweizhongyangreshuixitongdereyuan
，qimudezaiyuquchangbuduan，shierzhehuweibuchong，huweibeiyong，zairizhaochongzushiyouxianshiyongtaiyangnengjiarereshui，liyongtaiyangnengjireqichanshengdediwenreshuizuoweitaiyangnengfuzhujiarekongqiyuanrebengdefuzhureyuan

，congergaishanrebengdeyunxinggongkuang，tigaoqizhirexingneng。zhezhongzuhexingshi，shierzhejunzaixiangduibijiaowendinggaoxiaodetiaojianxiagongzuo，baozhengxitongquannianquantianhoudeweishengreshuigongying。kongqiyuanrebengzhireguochengbenzhishangshiduikongqizhongyunzangdetaiyangrenengdetishengliyong，genjurebengdegongzuotexing
，zaizhenggereshuixitongdeyunxingguochengzhong，rebengjizuzuoweifuzhureyuanyunxingsuogongyingdereliangzhong
，zhiyouyixiaobufenlaizidianneng，suoyitaiyangneng―熱泵中央熱水係統大大提高了太陽能利用率
，減少了對一次能源的消耗。

    太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統的運行主要有以下四種工況：

    （1）太陽能加熱生活熱水

    zaidabufenrizhaolianghaodeqingtian，xitongancigongkuanggongzuo，cishitaiyangnengxunhuanbengdegongzuoyouxitongkongzhiqigenjutaiyangnengjireqihereshuixiangdewendujinxingkongzhi，yuanyuanbuduandeliyongjireqicaijidereliangtongguozhongjianhuanreqishusongdaoreshuixiang。

    （2）太陽能輔助熱泵機組加熱生活熱水

    dangyintianhuoduoyuntianqi，dangtaiyangnengjirewendudiyureshuixiangshuiwenbuzuyizhijiejiareshenghuoreshuishi，rebengjizuqidong，liyongkongqizuoweireyuanjiarereshuixiangneishenghuoreshui。zaiqiudongjijie，danghuanjingwendudiyurebengdejingjiyunxingwendushi，rebengjizudezhirexiaolvxiajiangbingqiezhengfaqibiaomianjieshuang，cishi
，rebengfuzhujiarexunhuanqidong，gaoyuhuanjingwendudediwentaiyangnengreshuijinrurebengjizufuzhuhuanreqinei，yuretongguodekongqi，shirebengxiaolvtigao
，bingqiejuyoufangzhizhengfaqijieshuangdezuoyong，keyijieyuerebengjizudehaodianliang。

    （3）太陽能和熱泵機組同時加熱生活熱水

    zaiqingtianrizhaolianghaoshi，ruguoreshuixitongdehaoreliangdayutaiyangnengjirexitongdeyouxiaogongrelianghuotaiyangnengjireqideshuliangjiaoshao
，bunengmanzureshuixitongdeyongrexuqiu
，zetaiyangnengherebengjizutongshigongzuoxiangreshuixitonggongre。

    （4）熱泵機組直接加熱生活熱水

    在zai連lian續xu的de雨yu雪xue天tian氣qi，熱re水shui係xi統tong所suo需xu熱re量liang完wan全quan由you空kong氣qi源yuan熱re泵beng機ji組zu提ti供gong。此ci時shi，太tai陽yang能neng係xi統tong處chu於yu待dai機ji狀zhuang態tai，熱re泵beng機ji組zu單dan獨du工gong作zuo對dui熱re水shui箱xiang加jia熱re。

    3、太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統設計

    太陽能―熱(re)泵(beng)中(zhong)央(yang)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)輔(fu)助(zhu)加(jia)熱(re)空(kong)氣(qi)源(yuan)熱(re)泵(beng)機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)晴(qing)好(hao)天(tian)氣(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)集(ji)熱(re)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)熱(re)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)，在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)足(zu)時(shi)或(huo)陰(yin)雨(yu)天(tian)氣(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)熱(re)源(yuan)保(bao)證(zheng)熱(re)水(shui)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)供(gong)應(ying)，所(suo)以(yi)其(qi)製(zhi)熱(re)功(gong)率(lv)應(ying)按(an)照(zhao)整(zheng)個(ge)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)設(she)計(ji)熱(re)負(fu)荷(he)進(jin)行(xing)確(que)定(ding)。對(dui)於(yu)全(quan)日(ri)製(zhi)中(zhong)央(yang)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)，熱(re)泵(beng)機(ji)組(zu)功(gong)率(lv)按(an)照(zhao)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)設(she)計(ji)小(xiao)時(shi)熱(re)負(fu)荷(he)確(que)定(ding)，對(dui)於(yu)非(fei)全(quan)日(ri)製(zhi)中(zhong)央(yang)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)，熱(re)泵(beng)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)最(zui)大(da)用(yong)水(shui)量(liang)
、熱水箱容積、加熱時間等參數進行確定，具體參見文獻[9]。rebengjizudeedingzhiregonglvbuxiaoyuzhongyangreshuixitongdeshejifuhe，zaidongjibijiaohanlengdediqu
，keshidangjiadajizudexinghao，shiqijinliangzaiyitianzhongqiwenbijiaogaodeshiduanneiyunxing，zaijiaoduandeshijianneimanzuxitongdeyongrexuqiu。

    太陽能―熱re泵beng中zhong央yang熱re水shui係xi統tong中zhong
，太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi的de麵mian積ji應ying以yi熱re水shui係xi統tong的de設she計ji熱re負fu荷he或huo根gen據ju實shi際ji情qing況kuang確que定ding的de太tai陽yang能neng供gong熱re量liang作zuo為wei基ji本ben依yi據ju
，並bing分fen析xi計ji算suan項xiang目mu所suo在zai地di單dan位wei麵mian積ji的de太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi平ping均jun每mei日ri有you效xiao得de熱re量liang
，從cong而er確que定ding太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi的de安an裝zhuang麵mian積ji。

    reshuigongchengzhong，taiyangnengjireqiyibanshigudingjiaoduanzhuang，qidanweimianjiriyouxiaodereliangsuijijiedebianhuahemeirineitaiyangfuzhaoqiangdudebianhua
，bingbushiyigegudingzhi。qiyingxiangyinsuzhuyaoyoujireqideanzhuangjiaodu、係統運行工況、所(suo)在(zai)地(di)氣(qi)象(xiang)參(can)數(shu)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)照(zhao)量(liang)等(deng)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)類(lei)型(xing)具(ju)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)集(ji)熱(re)效(xiao)率(lv)，其(qi)有(you)效(xiao)得(de)熱(re)量(liang)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)根(gen)據(ju)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)集(ji)熱(re)效(xiao)率(lv)等(deng)性(xing)能(neng)參(can)數(shu)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)照(zhao)資(zi)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)計(ji)算(suan)，取(qu)全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)。

    對於太陽能―熱(re)泵(beng)中(zhong)央(yang)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)集(ji)熱(re)係(xi)統(tong)既(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)熱(re)水(shui)加(jia)熱(re)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)熱(re)源(yuan)又(you)作(zuo)為(wei)熱(re)泵(beng)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)熱(re)源(yuan)
，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)能(neng)承(cheng)受(shou)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)，所(suo)以(yi)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)閉(bi)式(shi)係(xi)統(tong)，係(xi)統(tong)循(xun)環(huan)工(gong)質(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)凍(dong)液(ye)溶(rong)液(ye)。

    4
、太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統的實用意義

    作為太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統的主要組成部分，太陽能和空氣源熱泵都是技術成熟的節能環保產品。太陽能在生活熱水係統中的規模化利用已有20餘年的曆史，空氣源熱泵的大量應用也有數十年的曆史[10]，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)泵(beng)中(zhong)央(yang)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)與(yu)空(kong)氣(qi)源(yuan)熱(re)泵(beng)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)機(ji)結(jie)合(he)，在(zai)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)二(er)者(zhe)原(yuan)有(you)運(yun)行(xing)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)
，使(shi)其(qi)運(yun)行(xing)效(xiao)率(lv)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)
，從(cong)而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)證(zheng)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)運(yun)行(xing)

，節(jie)約(yue)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)常(chang)規(gui)能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)。

    根(gen)據(ju)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)方(fang)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區(qu)的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)照(zhao)資(zi)料(liao)，按(an)照(zhao)衛(wei)生(sheng)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)平(ping)均(jun)耗(hao)熱(re)量(liang)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)得(de)熱(re)量(liang)確(que)定(ding)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)麵(mian)積(ji)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)―熱泵中央熱水係統中，太陽能直接加熱可滿足熱水係統全年60―80%的熱量需求，其餘20―40%熱量由太陽能輔助加熱空氣源熱泵機組供應
，熱泵平均COP可達3.0，即其所供應熱量有65%以上來自集熱器不能直接利用的太陽能和空氣熱能。在整個係統運行中，集熱器吸收的太陽能的利用率接近100%，輔助加熱的電力消耗隻占係統總能耗的7―14%，較常規能源的熱水係統可至少節能85%以上。

    通過上述分析可見，太陽能―熱re泵beng中zhong央yang熱re水shui係xi統tong是shi一yi種zhong性xing能neng可ke靠kao，環huan保bao節jie能neng的de熱re水shui係xi統tong形xing式shi，該gai係xi統tong隻zhi使shi用yong太tai陽yang能neng及ji少shao量liang的de電dian能neng

，對dui環huan境jing沒mei有you任ren何he的de汙wu染ran。在zai白bai天tian最zui低di溫wen度du-15℃以上、太陽輻照良好的我國大部分地區都可推廣應用。統和熱水供應，冬天采暖運行時節約常規能源60%以上，在我國大部分冬冷夏熱地區
，本係統也可與建築物采暖空調係統結合
，發揮最大的節能作用。

    5
、項目應用

    2004年
，太陽能―熱泵中央熱水係統作為中國科學院奧運科技項目課題“奧運村及奧運場館太陽能熱泵中央熱水係統示範研究”項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)內(nei)容(rong)
，在(zai)北(bei)京(jing)月(yue)壇(tan)體(ti)育(yu)中(zhong)心(xin)綜(zong)合(he)訓(xun)練(lian)館(guan)一(yi)示(shi)範(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)，主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)為(wei)集(ji)中(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)熱(re)水(shui)供(gong)應(ying)，富(fu)裕(yu)熱(re)量(liang)為(wei)泳(yong)池(chi)輔(fu)助(zhu)加(jia)熱(re)。該(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)屋(wu)頂(ding)水(shui)平(ping)安(an)裝(zhuang)采(cai)800m2直流式真空管太陽能集熱器
，太陽能輔助加熱空氣源熱泵機組輸出功率300kW。2004年12月調試完畢進入試運行階段，根據初步測試資料，係統在冬季晴天太陽能集熱係統可滿足係統90%左右的設計供熱量，陰雨天氣熱泵機組平穩運行

，利用10℃左(zuo)右(you)的(de)低(di)溫(wen)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱(re)水(shui)熱(re)泵(beng)輔(fu)助(zhu)熱(re)源(yuan)
，製(zhi)熱(re)性(xing)能(neng)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)。根(gen)據(ju)北(bei)京(jing)地(di)區(qu)的(de)氣(qi)象(xiang)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)照(zhao)資(zi)料(liao)，該(gai)係(xi)統(tong)年(nian)綜(zong)合(he)節(jie)能(neng)率(lv)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)預(yu)期(qi)的(de)90%以上的目標。